Understanding of hearing in baleen whales amplified

ScienceDaily (Apr. 17, 2012) ? For decades, scientists have known that dolphins and other toothed whales have specialized fats associated with their jaws, which efficiently convey sound waves from the ocean to their ears. But until now, the hearing systems of their toothless grazing cousins, baleen whales, remained a mystery.

Unlike toothed whales, baleen whales do not have enlarged canals in their jaws where specialized fats sit. While toothed whales use echolocation to find prey, baleen whales generally graze on zooplankton, and so some scientists have speculated that baleen whales may not need such a sophisticated auditory system. But a new study by scientists at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), published April 10, 2012, in The Anatomical Record, has shown that some baleen whales also have fats leading to their ears.

The scientists propose that toothed whales may not be the only whales that use fats to transmit sound in water, as previously believed, and the fats in both types of whales may share a common evolutionary origin.

Little progress had been made on the auditory anatomy of baleen whales because specimens to study are hard to get. Unlike many toothed whales, they are large, not kept in captivity, rarely strand on beaches, and decompose rapidly when they do.

For the new study, lead author Maya Yamato, a graduate student in the MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography, received seven heads of minke whales that stranded and died, mostly on beaches on Cape Cod. She collaborated with the International Fund for Animal Welfare's (IFAW) Marine Mammal Rescue and Research unit in Yarmouth Port, Mass.

The whale heads were scanned using computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the Computerized Scanning and Imaging (CSI) lab at WHOI and MRI facility at Massachusetts Ear and Eye Infirmary in Boston. Using these biomedical techniques, the researchers generated 3-D visualizations of the whales' internal anatomy, with both bones and soft tissue intact and in their undisturbed natural positions, providing "an unprecedented view of the internal anatomy of these animals," the scientists wrote.

Then the whale heads were dissected in the necropsy facility at the Marine Mammal Center at WHOI. Together, the studies showed that all the minke whales had "a large, well-formed fat body" connecting to the ears, providing a potential transmission pathway guiding sound from the environment to their inner ears.

"This is the first successful study of intact baleen whale head anatomy with these advanced imaging techniques," said WHOI Senior Scientist Darlene Ketten, director of the CSI lab at WHOI and co-author on the paper. "It really is an important addition to our understanding of large whale head and auditory systems."

Also collaborating on the study were Julie Arruda and Scott Cramer at the CSI and Kathleen Moore of IFAW.

This research was funded by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, a WHOI Ocean Life Institute Graduate Fellowship, the Joint Industry Program, the Office of Naval Research, and the U.S. Navy.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Maya Yamato, Darlene R. Ketten, Julie Arruda, Scott Cramer, Kathleen Moore. The Auditory Anatomy of the Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata): A Potential Fatty Sound Reception Pathway in a Baleen Whale. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 2012; DOI: 10.1002/ar.22459

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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WATCH: Channing Tatum Strip in 'Magic Mike' Trailer

Get ready for ladies' night! The full trailer for Channing Tatum's semi-autobiographical stripper drama Magic Mike is finally available, and after months of sexy set photos of the hot cast, the trailer does not disappoint.

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HTC One V review

It's our definitive review of the HTC One V - the third in the new HTC One line of Android smartphones

HTC’s One series is all about hero devices. The One X is the all-singing, all-dancing flagship phone, while the One S delivers formidable specs in a smaller, sleeker form factor. And at entry level, there’s the HTC One V, a hero device for the mainstream market, which resurrects one of HTC’s iconic designs of old. Yep, it’s an updated version of the venerable HTC Legend, complete with aluminum construction and that famous protruding chin.

That such a product is now considered entry-level, and priced as such, is a testament to the blistering pace at which smartphone technology is developing. The One V brings respectable hardware internals together with Android 4.0 and Sense 4.0, creating a smartphone that just over a year ago would’ve been considered a high-end device.

So join us after the break to see how HTC’s mainstream champion holds up, in our full review of the One V.

 

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A solid entry-level handset with great build quality. Delivers a decent screen and good battery life, along with the latest version of Android. Excellent camera for a basic, less expensive smartphone.	Tiny internal storage, no removable battery. Software seems artificially limited in places. Starting price is a little too high for our liking.
The HTC One V isn’t going to blow your head off with bleeding-edge hardware or full-featured software, but if you want a basic Android experience without breaking the bank, it's a dependable all-rounder with one or two outstanding features.

Inside this review	More info
Video walkthrough Hardware review Software review Camera tests	HTC One V first impressions HTC One V forums Sense 4 walkthrough

read more

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Plastic garbage in oceans: Understanding marine pollution from microplastic particles

ScienceDaily (Apr. 17, 2012) ? Large quantities of globally produced plastics end up in the oceans where they represent a growing risk. Above all very small objects, so-called microplastic particles, are endangering the lives of the many sea creatures. An estimate of how greatly the oceans are polluted with microplastic particles has so far failed in the absence of globally comparable methods of investigation and data. Together with British and Chilean colleagues, scientists of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in the Helmholtz Association have now analysed all published studies on this topic and have proposed standardised guidelines for the recording and characterisation of microplastic particles in the sea.

Plastic bottles washed on to the beach are as much a part of the coast as the sound of seagulls. What the eye does not see are the innumerable ultra-small plastic objects which float in the water, are washed on to the beach or settle on the sea bed. Scientists refer to these plastic particles as "microplastic particles," understanding these to mean plastic objects whose diameter is less than five millimetres -- whereby the majority of microplastic particles are smaller than a grain of sand or the tip of a needle. It is this property that also makes them so dangerous to the sea dwellers. "Microplastic particles are swallowed by organisms and absorbed via the digestive tract. It has been possible, for example, to detect them in the tissue of mussels or other animals," says Dr. Lars Gutow, biologist at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in the Helmholtz Association. Toxic substances also attach to the small particles in the sea which then enter the food chain in this way and may therefore ultimately be dangerous to humans.

Lars Gutow and colleagues from the Universidad Cat?lica del Norte in Chile and the School of Marine Science and Engineering in Plymouth have now jointly addressed the question as to how greatly the oceans of the world are polluted with microplastic particles. The biologists analysed 68 scientific publications on this subject and determined that the results are difficult to compare. "Very different methods were used in these studies which is why it could not be understood whether the observed regional differences in the distribution of the plastic particles are real or whether they are attributable to the methods of recording," explains Prof. Martin Thiel, initiator of the now published comparative study and scientist at the Universidad Cat?lica del Norte. It emerged that 100,000 times more microplastic particles could be fished out of the water column if a net with a mesh of 85 micrometres was used instead of one with 450 micrometres.

Based on these findings the international team of researchers has now for the first time prepared guidelines for the recording and characterisation of microplastic particles and has published these in the Environmental Science & Technology journal in which the scientists also explain the possible origins of the plastic waste. "Microplastic particles reach the seas in different ways. A large share is accounted for by so-called plastic pellets used as a raw material in the manufacture of plastic products such as computer housings and other everyday articles. If these pellets are handled carelessly, during ship loading for example, many may be blown away by the wind and fall into the sea," explains Lars Gutow.

Microplastic particles are also to be found in cosmetics and cleaning agents, however. "Very small plastic particles are used as "abrasives" in many a peeling product. They then reach the sea via sewage water and rivers," says the biologist. And finally every plastic bottle, every plastic bag floating on the sea, one day disintegrates into countless microparticles. "It can take years for larger plastic parts to disintegrate primarily through physical processes. The UV radiation of the sun makes the plastic brittle. It is then broken down into ever smaller parts from the waves and friction processes," says Lars Gutow.

The smallest particles so far detected had a diameter of one micrometre which is one thousandth of a millimetre. Complex investigations are required to be able to determine such tiny plastic objects exactly and clarify their origins. "We recommend to every scientist to analyse very small microplastic particles using an infrared spectroscope. This procedure uncovers the constituents and permits an exact identification as a plastic," says Lars Gutow.

The scientists also point out gaps in their knowledge in their research guidelines. "The topic of plastics in the sea has become considerably more important in recent years. There is a lot of research going on. Nevertheless we do not know, for example, whether and in which quantity microplastic particles are deposited on rocky shores and in salt marshes. The latter are above all known for having a high retention potential for particles. Whether this also applies to microplastic particles is not so far known," says Martin Thiel who is examining the contamination of the Chilean coast with microplastic particles.

If in the future all marine researchers used standardised methods to record the microplastic particles based on the recommendations of this comparative study, then not only the reliability of their results ought to increase considerably. This then offers the chance of determining the final fate of microplastic particles accumulating in the world's oceans and to uncover the consequences of this pollution for the ecological systems and therefore for humans.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Valeria Hidalgo-Ruz, Lars Gutow, Richard C. Thompson, Martin Thiel. Microplastics in the Marine Environment: A Review of the Methods Used for Identification and Quantification. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012; : 120302145909003 DOI: 10.1021/es2031505

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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The taste of missing a person | dvday.com

Who is lonely because of missing you know the feeling of missing someone like drinking a cup of cold water and then use a very long time to a heart into tears you know the taste of lonely who is lonely because of missing you know the taste of pain was pain was because want to forget who don forget a person to appreciate the beauty of a cruel and increasingly small voice to tell their own firm in the face of you know the taste of lonely who is lonely because of missing you know the taste of pain was pain was because want to forget who you know do you know lonely because of missing you you know the feeling of missing someone like drinking a cup of cold water and then use a very long time to a heart into tears remember is that 1993 winter,had just entered the university campus I ,although no outliers in home ,have no contact with anyone ,but also absolutely not to make friends with congenial persons ,become integrated with .
The soul of the grief and loneliness ,unable to contain the sorrow and melancholy, I slowly like a central radio international love and joy FM JOY FM EASY FM Easy FM .still clearly remember the host of men and women ( but only remember Rick and zephyr ,* Lu Ji name ) in English with the way of interpretation ,the Chinese and foreign songs in music playback ,song at the same time ,also practice English speaking and listening, I insist 5 years ofgood habit ,but to the field because of broadcast signal problems have never received !It is a winter night ,lying in the ladder classroom learning for a long time ,a lot of people ,central heating is very hot ,very complex is very thick ,I decided to go head !Break, with the radio and walked out of the teaching building .
Earphone there came Rick and zephyr made fast easy English speech ,then zephyr with Chinese said a friend made a song in my life to all of his fellow students dormitory .This is the first time listening to Lao Lang with old hoarse singing voice ,also be lyrics true and deep move thoroughly ,then a few minutes always feel indistinct in the dream, do not know about teaching building turned a few laps.
Autumn in Beijing is very cold night ,but in the night sky unlimited thoughts spread. The very next day ,I was frantically searching for the singer and the song ,any relevant information .
Lao Lang The life story of getting to know many ,he was also just the business ,many people do not know him ,the song is not very popular. The singer lonely ,solitary image in my mind slowly busty real, campus balladry album is slowly I know ,familiar ,sing ,I put sleep in me lyrics made a poster affixed to the back of the classroom ,many classmates learn slowly ,like the singer and the song .
94 years later,Lao Lang and other campus singer was gradually students by whole society well known and recognized ,campus folk also took the most glorious moments the album ,even out of the three series ,and other miscellaneous causes and featured a class is innumerable .
In these songs there ,although Lao Lang few songs is the most people and I both like ,with you ,love the song ,in my life ,Blue Dream ,the music bug and so on, but most of my fellow students and they like ,catch up from behind ,is the song who is lonely because of missing .
Say to be ashamed ,now can campus folk 1album was the original singer of this song is who At present ,but listen to a number of versions of the singing voice ,and impression of care ,should be at Okayama ,rather than Eric Moo somewhat frivolous thin deduction .
But to tell the truth ,I really don want to see the name and my heart chant together. University .Some people leisure time ,the exuberant energy ,rich emotions and keen feelings ,sad lovelorn opportunity should say is in the life the filling time, it this song in boys and girls heart can greatly resonance .
Review University five years ,although except bear mentioning several field unrequited love ,also there is no real sense of love ,but those who failed memory not only at that time ,continue even now ,brought considerable pain was felt .
And we like the taste of poetry ,little Lin Daiyu always melancholy and moody ,the song was a think very profound understanding and feeling. Now it seems ,already in the past 15 years,I found myself at that time didn this song ,called &quot ;easier said than done ,called &quot ;&quot ;&quot pet phrase ;only 15years,met many people ,after many things ,the great-hearted ,mind The study on the annals of ignorant youth ,quickly into practice the sophistication ,snobbish vulgar people ,even they themselves do not believe the heart also has a dream ,there will be a passionate heart .
Twenty-first Century, 80,after all ,is a everyone has a dream ,a dream to catch the dare dare era ,but also a social problem of complex ,interpersonal confusion era. She denies everything ,suspect everything ,trying everything ,achievement of many previous unrealistic dreams ,exposed many problems difficult to solve ,in the sun ,in the eyes of the world to reveal human nature ugly instincts and desires of the original face .
She makes me confused ,make me confused so ,I lost my mind control ,let the feelings of the drive ,let me thriller fear change ,although she and bring the feelings of others and change is the same.
I don the original moral concept will not continue ?A new social order will not be as she was abroad that build smoothly ?Tumor of lung cancer gastric carcinoma oesophagus cardia cancer rectal cancer of colon cancer cervical cancer ovarian cancer breast cancer and uterine cancer pancreatic carcinoma of the thyroid carcinoma of the gallbladder bile tube carcinoma renal cell carcinoma of bladder cancer of uterine fibroids in gastric cancer and cancer of lung cancer breast feeding Adenocarcinoma gallbladder cancer and cervical carcinoma of the gallbladder carcinoma pancreatic carcinoma thyroid cancer tumor of tongue cancer of colon cancer rectal cancer of prostate cancer of bladder tumor testicular neoplasms nasopharyngeal carcinoma laryngeal lymphoma leukemia treatment of gastric cancer and cancer treatment on skin cancer treatment: lung cancer breast cancer treatment and cancer of the bile in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in cervical carcinoma treated with the therapy of gallbladder cancer in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma in the treatment of pancreatic cancer therapy to treat thyroid cancer tumor therapy in rectal cancer treatment for prostate cancer treatment of tongue cancer treatment of colon cancer treatments of bladder tumors of the treatment of laryngeal lymphoma treated with testicular tumors in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the treatment of leukemia in the treatment of gastric symptoms food for cancer symptoms of skin cancer symptoms of lung cancer symptoms of breast symptoms of bile although cancer liver cancer symptoms of cervical cancer symptoms of gallbladder cancer symptoms of kidney cancer symptoms of pancreatic cancer symptoms of thyroid cancer symptoms of brain tumor symptoms of rectal symptoms of prostate cancer symptoms of tongue cancer symptoms of colon cancer symptoms of bladder tumor symptoms of laryngeal symptoms of lymphoma symptoms of testicular tumor nasopharyngeal symptoms symptoms of leukemia I know ,as a long time do not want to wake up the dream ,really The wake ,much is reluctant ,how I want to go back to my dream go ,away from the real world of cold system ,continue to taste kind of sentimental and fantasy .
However once it wakes up ,it knows absolutely can not go back, reason occupy the absolute advantage ,he is not allowed to love one and again ,again while the three breakthrough his yoke ,destroying his order.
Feelings feel very beautiful is very pleasant ,but blindly pursue the enjoyment, will destroy the real world smooth life ,hurt innocent people ;reason is very cruel ,callous, may severely hurt his heart, but it can bring the interpersonal harmony ,to achieve social stability.
As heroes Brokeback ,resolutely refused ,years later ,that had been used to the empty sleeve one-armed life ,but the midnight when the arm is still clear ,habitual action still as ever ,only the corner of the eye has quietly leave tears two ,sticky wet pillow foot skirt ,wake up not you see ,will slowly recall dream in dribs and drabs .
Feel ,look back in no way ,far-sighted way ,the acid was sweet and salty ,gloomy melancholy heart empty ,however ,was not really !I just know ,The taste of missing a person ,just like drinking a cup of cold water ,and then use a very long time ,a heart into tears.
I only know ,who is lonely because of missing ,pain was because want to forget who .I only know ,forget a person ,like to enjoy a cruel beauty ,and with a very small very small voice, tell yourself to be strong in the face of failure .
Marriage blessing gentle and faithful husband grandfather pain pain was far from embracing melancholy dance beautiful convinced former security sweep up train Qifeng was careful to

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Choosing a Career Path in Online Degree

Online college class is a great way of getting a college degree from an accredited institution while working a full time job.

This process affords any student to take advantage of the agility and flexibility of internet college classes and adapt them around their work and family life. This is the ultimate solution for stay at home moms and dads to take college classes while maintaining the children and home. Without expensive transportation costs associated with online college classes or day care bills. The college class comes to you computer screen with all the modern technology to make it an experience to fully benefit from. Just imagine not having to put up with costly lunches and irritable passengers and enjoy the soothing atmosphere of the home while taking classes in college.

Taking an internet college classes are not only beneficial for furthering an existing career, they also provide many options in graduate degree programs.

Obtaining a Distance Learning MBA degree from home is also a distinct possibility with many reputable physical universities now offering their programs online. Schools that are not available geographically to some potential students now have a feasible option to consider educational institutions. Handicapped students and those are full time jobs are also some students have
historically excelled using an online college classes.

Most greenhorns to online education often wonder how the internet college classes are carried out. There are actually a variety of ways and most online educational programs differ according to individual schools. There are two main types of media that are utilized when taking an
Online MBA in India.

A method of conducting an internet college classes through a process called live media. This type of online college classes are designed to allow students to log into the class set up similar to a chat room. There is not just a chat feature but also a live audio chat to engage student teachers and student-to-student interaction. The specific subject or lecture that is given the instructor can be heard through computer speakers or headphones of choice students.

Mode of internet college class, there are two options for communication. Any student may choose to participate via the microphone or through text chat as well as in combination. Many online institutions also include the cellphone video that students can watch the instructor live in a smaller window on the monitor. One of the bonuses to a certain college class internet is no need for note taking during a lecture as the lecture is typically saved and uploaded to the school server for access by students. If not,
the choice is always available to record it via personal computer and play it back later. There is only one affordable, exciting option to kick-start a fantastic career. Start an online class in college now!

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Video: Town regroups after devastating tornadoes

>>> n one would blame you for wonding about our weather theseys. it's back in the ns night. we were two degrees shy of 90 degrees heren n york today. up near the canadian border , me temperatures fell b 4 degrees in just hou over this weekend. and, of course, sadlysou know, in the plainsnd par of e midwest, this is a day of revery after a violent weend. on satday, there were more than 130 repor of tornados across four different states some of the storms hadinds clocked at over 150 miles an hour. jay gray is in woodward oklahoma fo us tonight. jay, good evening.

>> good evening, brian. the most tragic number tonight is 6:00, that's how many peopl wereilled in the tordos this weekend. all those victims livg right here in woodward oklahoma . weave all seen the weather radar and maps. four survors this is what a toadoooks like up cse and personal.

>> look at that

>> reporter: the images are frightening.

>> go, go, go.

>> reporter: t power, the intensity. the devastation left behind.

>> you're just overwlms by erything, by the situation.

>> a situation that forecters say could have been much worse. first responders believe liv were saved when 24 hours before the first strike for only the send time ever the national weather service warned of a potential "high-endife threatening event." the violent stor delivered on that threat. more than 100 tornados ripping through fourstates. the most vicious aack in oklahoma .

>> i wrapped my arm and legs around him a i said,lee don't let me go, don't let me go. please, just hangn to me.

>> now the townf woodward is tryingo hang on. after aassive twister targeted theit of 13,000 in theiddle of the night, t funnelnly revealed by a flash of ghtning. when most everything is gone after a tornado, help often comes from family.

>> wre tight. we're real tight-knit family.

>> your truck made it.

reporter: today, ts family is searching for memories and a special gift.

>> oday is her birtay.

repter: his year her presents are family treasures saved from tood andhard of glass ttse to be their home

>> mchildrenre fine, my grandkids are fi. i can build another house. i can't build ather man like that.

reporter: despite their surroundings, thei spirit and solve unbroken.

>> i'm not leaving, that's wt you're aing me. this is my house this 24 is our home.

>> reporte hes like th one, there are 89 torn apart here in wood tward, and hundreds more scaer add long theath ofhe violent stor.

>> jay gray in okloma for

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